What Exactly Is Tarnishing and What Are Other Types of Wear Called?

1. Tarnishing:

• What It Is: Tarnishing occurs when metals (like silver or copper) react with oxygen, moisture, or sulfur in the air, causing a dull, darkened appearance.
• Metals Affected: Sterling silver, copper, and brass are the most prone to tarnishing. Gold, platinum, and rhodium do not tarnish.
• How to Fix It: Tarnish can often be removed with polishing or special cleaners designed for the metal.

2. Fading:

• What It Is: Fading happens when the finish or plating on the jewelry loses its color over time, often from exposure to sunlight, water, sweat, or chemicals (like lotions or perfumes).
• Metals Affected: Plated jewelry, especially gold-plated or silver-plated pieces, is prone to fading as the thin top layer wears off, revealing the base metal underneath.
• How to Fix It: Once a plated piece fades, the plating can wear off entirely. Unfortunately, faded jewelry usually cannot be restored without re-plating.

3. Scratching:

• What It Is: Scratching occurs when the jewelry’s surface is physically damaged by friction or impact. Scratches can dull the appearance of the metal, but they are not a result of chemical reactions like tarnishing.
• Metals Affected: All metals can scratch, but softer metals like gold, silver, and plated metals are more susceptible.
• How to Fix It: Light scratches can sometimes be polished out, especially on metals like sterling silver or solid gold. Deep scratches may require professional buffing.

4. Corrosion:

• What It Is: Corrosion is the breakdown of metal due to chemical reactions, often caused by exposure to water, sweat, or harsh chemicals. This is different from tarnishing in that the metal itself degrades rather than just reacting with oxygen.
• Metals Affected: Cheaper base metals, like nickel, copper, or brass, can corrode over time. Stainless steel and titanium are highly resistant to corrosion.
• How to Fix It: Once corrosion happens, it's usually irreversible. Regular cleaning and avoiding exposure to moisture and chemicals can prevent it.

5. Oxidation (Blackening):

• What It Is: Oxidation is similar to tarnishing but results in a darkening or blackening of certain metals, especially silver, due to exposure to oxygen and sulfur compounds.
• Metals Affected: Silver, copper, and brass can oxidize. Some jewelers intentionally oxidize pieces to create an antique or aged look.
• How to Fix It: Oxidation can be polished away if it is unintentional, though some people prefer the darker, vintage appearance.

How to Talk About Wear with Customers:

• If the finish on a piece dulls but can be polished back to a shiny finish, it’s likely tarnishing or light oxidation.
• If the finish fades permanently or wears off, that’s more likely due to fading or plating wear.
• Scratches and dents are a result of physical wear and tear and not chemical reactions.

Each type of wear requires different care, so knowing the difference will help you better maintain your jewelry and explain care instructions to your customers.